Medical and organizational aspects of providing care to newborns with anorectal developmental developments in the Republic of Tajikistan

Purpose of the study. Improving medical and organizational aspects of providing care to newborns with congenital malformations in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Material and research methods. The results of diagnosis and treatment of 120 newborns with congenital malformations of the anorectal region were analyzed. Children, depending on gestational age, were as follows: full-term children -59.2%, premature children 40.8%. Of the total number of premature children, there were 6.3% of grades III and IV. In mothers aged 18 to 25 years, children were born with developmental defects 59 (38.7%), from 26 to 34 years old 73 (46.8%), the lowest rate was from 35 to 45 years old 3 (1.9%).

The influence of transportation of newborns on the outcome of treatment of anorectal malformation was studied. Transportation of newborns was carried out in the following order: by ambulance 25%, self-pickup 48%. The remaining 27% of children were in the pediatric surgical department due to intra-hospital transfer.

Results of the study and their discussion. The main issue when organizing the transfer of newborns with anorectal malformations to a specialized pediatric surgical department is solving the issue of transportation at the pre-hospital stage.

In this regard, it should be noted that the most serious task in monitoring newborns at the stages of transportation is the prevention of hypothermia, since newborns experience a process of hypothermia, which leads to metabolic disorders, cellular and tissue metabolism, possibly progressive hemorrhage in the brain and metabolic acidosis. Transportation of newborns with malformations of the anorectal region from maternity hospitals for surgical correction was mainly carried out by self-pickup, by passing car from distant regions of the republic, which is 48%, by an ambulance resuscitation team from hospitals in the city of Dushanbe 35.6%, and by ambulance transport, not provided for transportation of newborns 12.4%, which does not meet the requirements for transportation of newborns.

Conclusions. The leading role in the successful outcome of treatment of anorectal malformations is prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformation and timely hospitalization of pregnant women before delivery in maternity hospitals closer to the place where there are specialized pediatric surgical hospitals. In addition, it is advisable to ensure the organization of surgery departments for congenital pathologies of newborns at the perinatal center and the provision of special transport for transporting newborns. Training of personnel in maternity hospitals and ambulances on the organization of medical care and interhospital transportation of newborns.

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