The purpose of the study. Analysis of the course of infection with pinworms among the youth of the Republic of Tajikistan and the treatment of helminthic diseases by means of medicinal plants and medicine of Tajikistan.

Research materials and methods :  The study was carried out based on the instructions and methods of scientists of the Russian Federation and Tajik scientists on the basis of analytical and educational methods. 1000 students of the first and second year of the medical, stomatological and pharmaceutical faculties of the Medical and Social University of Tajikistan were involved in the study.

The results of their research and discussion .  The conducted analyzes showed that in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, various succulent plants grow, such as: ordinary pumpkin, gozichoi, garlic, male fern, multi-leaved pygmy, medicinal gorse, bitter gourd, bearded hasanak, etc. They also use salt from the yellow rock mineral, which is available in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan. All of them are completely different from each other in terms of collection, processing, usage and treatment methods. The effect of medicinal plant substances is that they cause shortening, contraction and paralysis of the muscles of the parasites, which lose their ability to stay in the gastrointestinal tract, then die and leave the body.

Conclusion . Almost 68% of Tajik youths are infected with tapeworms. Currently, their treatment is mostly carried out by drugs such as alibendazole and mebendazole, which, on the one hand, are very expensive, on the other hand, they are rare and the desired result is not achieved. In the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, there are various plants growing in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, such as: ordinary pumpkin, gozichoi, garlic, male fern, multi-leaved pygmy, medicinal yarrow, bitter yarrow, thorny hasanak, yellow root mineral salt, etc., which causes muscle paralysis.

The purpose of the study : omukhtani namudi here va navkhoi pahnshudai on dar nokhiyai Ainii viloyati Sughd

Study material and methods: mavodi omuzishro darakhtoni mevadihandai here, ki dar dehakhoi Darg, Kazdon, Shamtuch, Veshab va Utogari nohiyai Ainii pakhn shudaand, tashkil medihand. Taҳқiқotkho gift of salt 2021-2023 ba tavri ekspeditsioni guzaronda shudand. Dar rafti taҳқiқot dar in noҳiya, malumotkhoi olimon N.V. Smolsky and V.I. Zapryagaeva tasdik gardidand, ki dar қitаҳои nazdiҳavligі va boғҳои mardumi mahalі du namudi here; tuti siёh - Morus nigra L.va tuti safed - Morus alba L duchor meshavand. Dar rafti taҳқiқot az sarchashmahoi ilmi va mavodhoi interneti, inchunin methodhoi umumii ilmii taҳқiқot ba monandi metodi arzishi meyori, tarikhivu mukoisavi va omori vase istifoda burda shud.

Study results and their review. During research in the villages of Dargh, Kazdon and Shamtuch, it was found that the number of mulberry trees (white mulberry) has decreased significantly. Year by year, if on the one hand the number of mulberry trees is decreasing due to anthropogenic influence, then on the other hand оther studies have shown that the decrease in the number of trees is due to the difficulty of drying its fruit, the distance from the consumer market, and the lower demand of the population for mulberry fruit. From this point of view, the research showed that the local people have been deliberately not growing mulberry trees in recent years. As a result, the number of mulberry trees in the mentioned villages is decreasing day by day. During the research in this area, one type of black mulberry - Shahtut and 5 types of white mulberry were found, which are (Hasak, Marvorid or Marvartak, Bedona, Balkhi and Syohtut).

Conclusion. The results of the study showed that in recent years, on the one hand, due to anthropogenic influence, the number of mulberry trees in the district is decreasing, on the other hand, the conducted studies showed that drying the fruit is laborious, far from the consumer market, and there is less demand. population is like mulberry fruit. Now, mulberry trees are cut down and used for burning, which leads to the destruction of the gene pool of these trees.

The purpose of the study.  The real reflection of Falsafi’s ideas and teachings in the centuries of Vl, Vll and Vll in Central Asia, the customs of the Zoroastrians includes the culture and philosophy of their ancestors.

Materials and methods of research. In the course of case studies from historical sources of the Tajik-Persian people, primarily Avesto, philosophical artifacts and articles by scientists from Central Asian countries were widely used, on the basis of which the most important philosophical factors were analyzed. In the course of research, comparative methods, periodical literature and press were used.

The result of the study and their discussion. The results of the research showed that since ancient times, with the development of human society in Central Asia, the process of formation, development of ideas and philosophical teachings took place. In the VI-VII centuries, the majority of the population of Central Asia believed in Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.   The material and spiritual culture of Central Asia was formed and developed on the basis of the mixing of different religious beliefs. At the time of Muhammad, Islam was a unified religious system. In the middle of the 7th century, there was a political division in Islam. Sunni became a dominant trend. From this point of view, for the purpose of educating the youth of Tajikistan, it is necessary to learn the ideas of Central Asian philosophy, Islamic philosophy and the most important vocabulary of the philosophy of the Eastern Renaissance.

Conclusion.  Thus, through the philosophical sources of the centuries Vl, Vll and Vll in Central Asia, the ideas of the Zoroastrian religion, the doctrines of the Zoroastrians, and various religious views were explored.

Purpose of the study . To study the effectiveness of hypervolemic hemodilution in combination with ozone therapy in children with Hirschsprung’s disease.

Material and research methods. The results of prospective and retrospective treatment in 143 children with Hirschsprung’s disease were analyzed. Forms of Hirschsprung’s disease: ultrashort form -2 (1.4%), rectal - 48 (33.6%), rectosigmoidal - 89 (62.2%), segmental - 2 (1.4%), subtotal - 1 (0, 7%), and the total form - 1 (0.7%). Hirschsprung’s disease is divided into three stages along the course: compensated 10 (7.0%), subcompensated 73 (51%) and decompensated 60 (42%).The patients were divided into 2 groups: the first (control) included 55 (38.5%) children who received traditional methods of treatment: preoperative preparation, double-barrel colostomy on the ascending colon for a period of 2 to 6 months. The second group (main) included 88 (61.5%) children who underwent preoperative preparation, taking into account the degree of endogenous intoxication (EI), intra- and postoperative management, and one-stage surgical treatment.

We have studied the effectiveness of hypervolemic hemodilution in combination with ozone therapy, which was performed in 88 children with Hirschsprung’s disease.

In connection with the existing chronic fecal intoxication, in 88.5% of patients with the inflammatory process of the colon and intestinal dysbacteriosis, there was a violation of all, ringing hemostasis. The study of the hemostasis system included the determination of blood clotting time (BTC), protein C, prothrombin index (PI), prothrombin ratio (PO), soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (RMFC), reference test, fibrin and fibrinogen dehydration products (PDF), antithrombin III (AT-III), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the methods of variation and difference statistics with the calculation of М±m and the assessment of the reliability of the results using the Fisher-Student criterion.

Results of the study and their discussion. When analyzing the clinical manifestations and course of Hirschsprung’s disease, depending on the form, stage and duration, conservative therapeutic measures, 3 degrees of severity of endogenous intoxication were identified: degree 1 in 3.8% of children, degree 2 in 57.8%, degree 3 in 26, 9%. In 9 (11.5%) out of 35 patients (5 patients with rectal and 4 patients with rectosigmoidal form) in the compensated stage, the phenomena of chronic endogenous intoxication were not observed.   These children were constantly under the supervision of a pediatrician and a pediatric surgeon from 2 to 12 years old with the organization of proper care. All this contributed to the prevention of the development of endogenous intoxication. These patients underwent surgical interventions in a planned manner, as patients with a compensated stage.

In 5 (3.5%) patients with acute HD, conservative measures were ineffective, as evidenced by the remaining high level of CEI. These children underwent a sigmostoma over the dilated portion of the intestine.

Conclusion . Despite the decrease in the compensatory capabilities of the child’s body against the background of anesthetic and surgical aggression, the presence of endogenous intoxication in children with Hirschsprung’s disease, differentiated preoperative preparation using sparing methods of surgical intervention leads to a decrease in postoperative complications.

A medical ozone-oxygen mixture with an ozone concentration of up to 150 mg/l with a power consumption of 85 VA and a gas flow rate of 0.25 to 1.0 l/min has a positive effect in regulating the hemostasis process.

Conducted preoperative therapy taking into account CEI, the use of methods of decontamination, hypervolemic hemodedulation, medical ozone therapy contribute to a favorable course of the intra- and postoperative course of the disease.

Relevance.  Description and analysis of the issue of the formation of a cultural society and a social state in Tajikistan.

Materials and research methods.  This study was compiled on the basis of scientific materials, including the works of foreign and domestic researchers and legal sources. In the process of preparing the article, such research methods as a systematic, historical, comparative method and a conceptual approach were used.

The result of the study and its discussion.  The main conclusions of the study are used in the process of teaching humanitarian subjects, including political science, sociology, and law. The topic was discussed at a meeting of the Department of Political Science of TNU and at a meeting of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Philosophy of TNU.

Conclusion. Tajikistan, as an independent country, is in the process of forming a civil society and a social state. In the process of formation and formation of the welfare state and civil society, the main factors of democratization of the political system of the country and the state structure were effectively developed and the foundations for the further development of the Republic of Tajikistan were created.

Conclusion. In the process of independence in the Republic of Tajikistan, a new political system was formed and developed, which is democratic.

Purpose of the study . To study variations in the cardiointerval and endothelial dysfunction in women with acute myocardial infarction in the perimenopausal period.

Material and research methods . The analysis of the results of spectral analysis of the variation of the cardiointerval was carried out according to the method of N.I. Muzalevskaya and V.M. Uritsky and cuff test D. Celermajer et al. in the modification of Zateyshchikov D.A. in 195 women, conditionally divided into 4 groups: group 1 - 35 (17.9%) practically healthy women (HLW); group 2 - 45 (23.1%) women in menopause (GCP); group 3 - 65 (33.3%) women with acute myocardial infarction in menopause without complications; group 4 - 50 (25.7%) women with acute myocardial infarction in menopause with complications.

Results of the study and their discussion. The inhomogeneity of the spectral powers Δflf - part of the low-frequency spectrum and Δfph - part of the high-frequency spectrum was revealed. Significant shifts in the range of low frequencies characterizing women with acute myocardial infarction in menopause without complications and with complications. In the 3rd group of women, the analysis of the power spectra showed significant changes in all indicators compared to the 1st and 2nd groups, the same data were confirmed by a cuff test. And in the 4th group, the analysis of power spectra showed significant shifts in all indicators, more pronounced than in patients of the 3rd group. Also, pronounced processes of impaired hemostasis and blood rheology, as well as signs of DIC syndrome in the basins of both VVC and SVK, were detected in 3-4 groups of women with AMI + GSD without complications and 4 groups of AMI + GSD with complications, in which the lungs ambiguously affected parameters of homeostasis and in particular on hemostasis and blood rheology.

Conclusions. Thus, in the 2nd group of menopausal women (GCP), a slight imbalance in the functioning of the endothelium is revealed, which manifests itself as signs of menopausal syndrome. In women who have had AMI, a more disturbed spectrum of low frequencies and cuff test is detected, which indicates in the 3rd group. And the 4th group of women is more pronounced vegetative imbalance with a predominance of sympathicotonia, violation of extracardiac regulation, metabolism and endothelial dysfunction. It is a proven fact that in the 3rd and 4th groups of women, the period of their combination of the development of the underlying pathology, complications and mortality are directly related to the violation and imbalance of all parts of the hemostasis system with various types of coagulopathy and DIC syndrome, which is manifested by clinical complications in the development of cardiogenic shock, heart failure, arrhythmia and mortality.

The purpose of the study.  Determination of the use of the word social and its position in modern times.

Research materials and methods.  Literary sources, scientific literature and internet materials, as well as general scientific methods of research such as value-normative, historical and comparative methods were used in the research.

The results of the research and their discussion.  The scientific results of the research are related to clarifying the essence of social medicine in today’s society. The author’s ideas are used in the process of teaching public and medical subjects.

Conclusion.  The social sphere is considered one of the most important spheres of society, and all important social aspects are included in it. Today, the government of the Republic of Tajikistan is striving to further develop this important sector for the purpose of providing medical services and to prepare favorable conditions for the protection of public health.

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the comparative study of languages     and their issues is to create a literary and artistic environment, to raise awareness and the level of use of new technology among teenagers and young people, to open translation centers for specialists and to cover the society with newly published materials.

Materials and methods of research. In modern times, comparative research of ancient works in Tajik and English has become a tradition. Syntactic analysis of rubaiyat in the researched languages    is used to determine the level of the translator’s professional skills, to determine the methods of returning verse and prose in the translation process, to study the difference and similarity of words in the structure of sentences. In the process of research, historical comparative method and newly published materials are widely used.

The result of research and their discussion.  It is worth noting that domestic and foreign researchers have used historical comparative methods and achieved significant results. The beginning of the 17th and 18th centuries is the return of the traces of the past and the clash of civilizations, and thus the lost traces of the peoples of Central Asia remain in the European countries.

Conclusion.  Throughout history, the peoples of the world have friendly, scientific, cultural and social relations with each other. It is for this reason that the English translator Edward Fitzgerald carried the rubaiyat of Umar Khayyam so that after him they would also remember this great man and read and enjoy his narrations. We came to the following conclusion from the analysis and consideration of this topic.

Purpose of the study .To show and prove what is the health and illness and whose duty is to protect it. Because all doctors are specialists in sphere of disease, not health.

Materials and research methods. The 3rd edition of the “Big Medical Encyclopedia” Veselkin P.N. (1976), Razumov A.N. Health of a healthy person (1996), Pavlenok P.D. Introduction to the profession “social work” (1998), Martynenko A.V. Medico-social work: theory, technology, education M: Science (1999), Reshetnikov A.V. Methodology of research in the sociology of medicine (2000), textbook Chernosvitova E.V. “Social Medicine” (2000), Ivachev P.V. “Theory and practice of social and medical work” (2007), Yablokov A.V. Human health and the environment (2007), textbook Lisitsyna Yu.P. “Public health and healthcare” (2011) are used in this article.

Results of the research and its discussion. It has been established that a clinical medicine specialist has contact with a sick person, restoring impaired functions, eliminates pain, a pathological process, and a social work specialist restores the client’s disturbed social well-being, helps to eliminate problems that have arisen with the disease during treatment and the period of health recovery. The social physician is responsible not only for the health, but also for the social well-being of his wards and is the direct creator of the social protection of the population.  Social work in the healthcare system of Tajikistan remains an urgent problem in the healthcare system and medical education. Because of human health has the exceptional importance for society. State health policy defines all measures that serve to preserve (primary prevention), restore (treatment, rehabilitation) and improve the health of the population.

Conclusion . Social work is one of the main and an urgent problem in the healthcare system of Tajikistan. Because, human health has exceptional importance for society. State health policy defines all measures that serve to preserve (primary prevention), restore (treatment, rehabilitation) and improve the health of the population.

The provided review reflects modern methods of early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma, assesses their advantages and disadvantages. Information is presented on the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) as a diagnostic criterion for the glaucoma process. The high diagnostic value of determining the thickness of RNFL in primary open-angle glaucoma has been established. An analysis of the literature shows that early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma at the initial stage of development is the most effective for preventing the development and progression of the glaucoma process, the outcome of which is blindness and disability and requires further improvement and study.