The purpose of the study. Determination of the main medical and social factors in the cause of the death of newborns.

Research material and method. To determine the structure of child mortality in the Republic of Tajikistan, in the years 2017-2021 and 9 months of 2022, from the selected cities and districts (the cities of Kulob, Bokhtar, Panjakent, Istaravshan, Khujand, Konibodom, Isfara, Vahdat, Tursunzoda and the districts of Bobojon Gafurov, Rudaki, Rasht, Faizabad and Sh. Shahin) data on child mortality were collected and entered into special questionnaires.

Research results. The preliminary results of the analysis show that in most cases (61.5%) children died in the early neonatal period, a third of the deaths of infants in the early neonatal period occurred mostly in the first 6 days after birth. The age of the mothers of the dead children is mainly between 20 and 29 years old (62.2%), and this condition is almost the same in all regions.

Conclusion. All this indicates that the mothers of the dead children had a low health index. 47.2% of mothers suffered from complications during pregnancy (gestosis, polyhydramnios, hypohydramnios, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, nephropathy, etc.). During childbirth, there was also a lot of dust (premature birth, dirty water with meconium, etc.) and a cesarean section.

Purpose of the study: to develop tactics for the management and treatment of patients with chemical eye burns, taking into account their acetylation phenotype.

Material and research methods. The subjects of the clinical studies were 150 patients with eye burns who were examined, treated and subsequently followed up at the Republican Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Among the 150 patients examined, 131 (87.3%) were male, 19 (12.7%) were female.

All 150 patients (220 affected eyes) admitted to the hospital received treatment, which included: local and general procedures and measures, drug therapy, according to the clinical protocol developed and implemented at our department.

Research results and discussion. Upon admission of patients with acute eye burns with alkali, the following was carried out: immediate and prolonged rinsing of the eye with water, instillation of anesthetics (0.5% Dicaine solution, 2% Trimecaine solution, 1% Lidocaine solution) with removal of the damaged corneal epithelium along with alkali residues; for burns with quicklime - immediate removal of lime particles, rinsing with water, anesthesia, instillation of a 20% solution of Glucose or glycerin, etc.

Conclusions. Thus, based on the results of the study, it was established that determining the acetylation phenotype in patients with burn injury to the eyes is a necessary procedure that allows not only to predict the possible variants and outcomes of chemical eye burns in them, but also to carry out their therapy in a pathogenetically sound manner with maximum efficiency and minimal losses from the organ of vision.

The purpose of the study is to develop a method for treating children with chemical burns of the esophagus in the early stages of the disease.

Material and research methods. Comprehensive clinical diagnostic examination and treatment of 64 children with chemical burns of the esophagus in the department of pediatric thoracoabdominal surgery of the State Institution Health Complex “Istiklol”.

Research results and discussion. All patients with chemical burns of the esophagus were divided into two groups. The first (control) included 35 (54.7%) patients who received well-known traditional treatment. In the second (main) group - 29 (45.3%) children with chemical burns of the esophagus who, against the background of traditional therapy, received local treatment of the esophagus of II and III severity using the EasyCat catheter. The children’s ages ranged from 1 to 14 years. The most common cause of esophageal burn was: vinegar essence - 48 (75%) and alkali (caustic soda and Kazan) in 16 (25%) children.

We have introduced an improved method of treating the esophagus with chemical burns of the esophagus using a special multifunctional silicone catheter “EasyCat”. This method makes it possible to effectively wash and simultaneously remove chemical particles lying in the pores of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, which not only has a therapeutic effect, but also prevents the resorption of the chemical substance. The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment were determined by the level of leukocyte intoxication index, the duration of the patient’s stay in the hospital and the presence of a scar process in the esophagus.

Conclusions. The development of a method for treating children with chemical burns of the esophagus using the multifunctional silicone catheter “EasyCat” has shown high efficiency in the algorithm for providing early medical care to children with a chemical burn of the esophagus. Local treatment with the «EasyKat» catheter allows to reduce the degree of intoxication and inflammatory reaction in the tissues of the esophagus, and thereby reduces the length of the patient’s hospital stay, reduces the risk of severe cicatricial stenosis of the esophagus to 10.3% compared to the control group (20.0%) and obtain a pronounced economic effect in children with chemical burns of the esophagus.

The purpose of the study. Studying efference of Tivortin and its role in cardiac remodeling in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease in combination with arterial hypertension, complicated by chronic heart failure.

Materials and research methods. 75 patients (30 men and 45 women) with exertional angina pectoris of the III functional class, hypertension of the II degree and chronic heart failure of the I-II functional class, who were treated at the Clinical Scientific and Educational Center(CSEC) at the PEI “Medical and Social Institute of Tajikistan” from 50 to 75 years, were examined. The patients were conditionally divided into two groups. The first group included 53 (73,3%) patients with the above pathology who received Tivortin solution 4,2%-100 ml/d, the second group included 29 (28,7%) patients, who did not receive Tivortin.

Research and observation results. Intravenous use of Tivortin solution 4,2% in complex treatment against the background of basic therapy in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease in combination with arterial hypertension, complicated by chronic heart failure, led to an improvement in the clinical condition of patients and hemodynamic parameters.

Conclusions. Tivortin is an effective treatment for angina pectoris of the III FC, hypertension of the II degree and chronic heart failure of the I and II FC. Improves functional class, normalizes diastolic replenishment of the left ventricle and reduces the incidence of complications and development of myocardial infarction (IM).

Purpose of Study. Analyzing the circumstances, causes, background, nature of the emergence of fascism, Zionism, Islamic fundamentalism and evaluating the opposite situation is the “phenomenon” of the heroes of Soviet soldiers.

Materials and methods of research. The key materials of the study are documents and studies “ The Nuremberg Trials. A crime against humanity”, numerous scientific works devoted to the Great Patriotic War, World War II and used archival materials. The works of historians devoted to the study of the pages of the history of the emergence of fascism, the barbaric nature of the Nazis, the outcome of the Great Patriotic War, World War II, as well as the analysis and comparison of events taking place in the world today and the juxtaposition of the roots of fascists and the newly emerging neo-fascism, provide a complete analysis of the degradation of human society.

The result of the research and their discussion. The behavior of the separate categories, the so-called «people» of Western states, especially the United States and Great Britain, indicates that the consequences of the Second World War did not serve as a lesson to these «bourgeois», and today they are again promoting the «Idea of the golden billion» and «World power». They simply changed and reformulated their «tactics» so that politically and economically backward countries would not realize the results of their true goal. But today, in the XX1 century, political leaders, scientists, intellectuals, political scientists from all peoples who know history well are well aware and able to analyze the strategy of the Zionists and neo-fascists and are well aware of the ultimate goals of these ideologies.

Conclusion. L. Feuerbach noted that «The only purpose of history is the process of turning a person into a human being». The behavior of individual groups (the establishment) of some superpowers of the modern world indicates that history has not yet taught a lesson to some statesmen (clans). They even want to turn history into their obedient slave, their unhealthy ambitions. Therefore, the peoples of the world, especially European countries, as on the eve of the Second World War, should not be an outsider observer, who cost them a lot and only thanks to the Red Army were freed from the fascist yoke. And who have completely forgotten about this history of this tragedy of their people. The peoples of Europe need to cut themselves off and unite within the framework of the United Nations and stand in the way of the flames of the Third World War, since it is likely to be the last war in the history of civilization and the existence of the globe itself.

Purpose of the study: - based on an analysis of literature data, to consider the causes of terrorism and protective measures. Study the concept of terrorism and the causes of its occurrence, identify problems in the fight against terrorism, consider ways to protect against terrorism as a threat to the security of the state and people. The object of this study is terrorism as an ideological, political and socio-legal phenomenon. The subject is the conditions for the emergence of terrorism.

Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out on the basis of studying scientific, popular science, and analytical materials on the Internet on the history of terrorism, and laws on combating terrorism in individual countries. Studying the history and phenomenon of terrorism and terrorist organizations. Identify the main causes and type of terrorism. The reasons for the penetration and use of terrorist methods in international relations, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the fight against terrorism in the world.

Results of the study and their discussion. In modern conditions, terrorism represents one of the most dangerous threats. Modern international terrorist organizations, possessing powerful human, material and organizational resources, are capable of operating on a transnational scale. Therefore, the need to counter terrorism is recognized not only by individual states, but also by the world community as a whole. On the other hand, terrorist threats, which all countries have had and still have to resist, are an integral part of the threat from international terrorism in the stage of its globalization. And in modern world politics, the fight against international terrorism has become perhaps the most important problem in recent years.

Research results. Terrorism also causes serious damage to the moral health of society. A change in world public opinion and the positions of most countries of the world on the problems of combating international terrorism occurred after September 11, 2001, when the only remaining superpower in the world, which had the greatest resources and capabilities in world politics, became the target of terrorist attacks. The US conflict with international Islamic terrorism emerged during the formation of a unipolar world under American auspices. President George W. Bush’s proposal to choose between “terrorists and us” led to the creation of a broad anti-terrorist coalition led by the United States. The Russian Federation’s support for US actions and Russia’s participation in the anti-terrorist coalition were determined by its own national-state interests. Since the threat of terrorism, which had a clear international component, at that time became the main threat to Russia’s internal security, its foreign policy should have been most active in the area of counterterrorism cooperation.

Сonclusion. In conclusion, it should be noted that the state, which bears the primary responsibility for countering terrorism, must use all means at its disposal to prevent and combat terrorism and religious extremism, initiating the necessary measures and implementing adequate legal actions to protect society. The basis for ensuring an effective organization of countering terrorism, according to most researchers, is the creation of an effective system of interrelated measures to identify, prevent, prevent and suppress terrorism, the development and implementation of a national comprehensive program, including political, social, economic, legal, ideological, special (operational, investigative, technical, security) and other aspects.

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the research in this article is to explain the compatibility of verb forms, general and partial simultaneity in English and Tajik object clause sentences.

Research materials and methods. The role of comparison in the study of knowledge is extremely important, and the more complex object, increases the role of comparison as a research method. In this sense, grammar is one of the most complex and valuable branches of linguistics in all languages of the world, which is very difficult to master without comparison. therefore, researching the compatibility of verb forms in the English and Tajik languages by way of comparison is considered the most appropriate way to identify this issue.Iin this article, the method of comparison is used widely. Because during language learning, when we compare the grammar of English with Tajik, it becomes more understandable to listeners or learners of any language. That’s why the comparative method of language learning is considered one of the main methods of scientific analysis.

The result of the material and its review. Language occupies a special position among other social events and is included in the group of the most complex and mysterious social events. Perhaps it is for this reason that the comparative method of studying languages were formed as one of the main methods of scientific analysis in the period of the development of linguistics, and now it has achieved great scientific success. It is the method of comparative analysis of languages that allows not only the most prominent features of languages, but also their sometimes overlooked features to be more completely and deeply determined. This is of particular importance both for learning foreign languages and for learning the native language, and the inclusion of a comparative grammar and correlation course of different languages in the standard of linguistics was accepted by the teachers of the philological faculties of higher schools.

Conclusion. A comparison between some object clause, that come for comment of indirect object clause in English and Tajik languages shows that the verb forms are made in different tenses and different types (aspects) and are directly related to the following object clause. It is worth that the most important branch of grammar is syntax, the knowledge of which will help any person engaged in translation in the translation of texts, books, as well as magazines and newspapers.

The purpose of the study. Arousing the interest of teenagers, young people and professionals in learning languages in various fields is important for today’s society.

Research materials and methods. In the process of this research, the historical comparative method and domestic and foreign sources have been widely used. Scientific books in Tajik and English languages and bilingual and multilingual dictionaries were used in the research process.

Research results and their discussion. The conducted study showed that this topic has not been specially studied by domestic and foreign researchers with historical comparative methods and methods, the features of translation of noun-forming suffixes, methods of their use are determined, and the theoretical and practical properties of noun-forming suffixes are shown.

Conclusion. The result of the analysis and review of these materials showed that:

• the morphological method occupies the main position in word formation of the noun; • each noun-forming suffix is responsible for giving a special meaning to the word it creates.
• it was revealed that suffixes form nouns only from nouns, others from adjectives, and the third form nouns from numbers or verbs.
• it was also revealed that there are suffixes that make up nouns from different parts of speech, they cannot affect the meaning of the noun.

The purpose of the study. Comparison of languages for the development of language skills among teenagers, young people and professionals from different fields of society.

Research materials and methods. Scientific materials in Tajik, Russian and English languages were used in the process of researching the subject. The opinions and suggestions of linguists and scientific articles of scientists on this topic were reviewed, and analytical methods, surveys, interviews, observations and comparative methods were widely used for the research of this article.

Research results and their discussion. In the research, special attention is paid to the distinctive features and similarities of grammar books of the compared languages. Distinctive structural features of interrogative sentences in Tajik and English languages were determined, and interrogative words  were shown structurally and semantically in sentences. Ways of using interrogative sentences in oral and written speech are proven in a scientific article.

Conclusion. As a result of conducting interviews, questions and answers, testing, tests with students and researching materials in Tajik and English, we came to the conclusion that along with preserving and mastering the words of Tajik and English languages, it is necessary for every language learner to know the features of its use, including:

• mastering frequently used vocabulary from the composition of sentences in different texts;
• development of oral and written speech through translation with the help of dictionaries and dictionaries;
• increasing awareness of usage and grammar in the language learner’s mind;
• the correct way to start the language learning process for the language learner

The purpose of the study. Analysis of the terms of the Uzbek and Tajik languages, in order to turn them into the language of science, investigations and researches were conducted between the two peoples.

Research materials and methods. In the course of the research, reference books, normativelegal documents, as well as Internet materials and the magazine Literature and Art were used.

Research results and their discussion. As a result of the research, it became clear that the development of scientific terminology, which is of primary importance for the Tajik language to become a scientific language, is an important issue. The national state language, as a language of science and culture, is a factor in the knowledge of native speakers about the ancient history of the language, the rich works of our noble ancestors, who were written in the scientific style of this language over the centuries and attracted and captured the attention of people of science and culture around the world. Language is an important pillar of statehood and national thinking and identity.

Conclusion. Our goal of using Uzbek and Tajik words is to use this dictionary to understand the content of the meaning of such words, to overcome the difficulties from the book “Lughat” by Ainy, two nations that are friends and brothers. not to be